This article is literally wow.
i read it 2 years ago, and coming back to it today, it still feels new.
few tutorials teach computers in a way that permanently changes how you think. this is one of them.
If you've never built a VM before, you're missing one of the biggest "aha"
A classic literate-programming tutorial for building an LC-3 virtual machine in roughly 250 lines of C. Good if you want the systems-programming aha of implementing fetch/decode/execute, memory-mapped I/O, trap routines, and seeing how language/runtime abstractions sit on top of hardware.